Thursday, October 7, 2010

Diabetes

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND DIABETES
Glucose tolerance is indicated by the nature of the blood glucose curve following the administration of a test amount of glucose.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus )
This is characterized by decreased glucose tolerance due to decrease secretion of insulin in response to the glucose challenge. This is manifested by elevated blood glucose levels hypeglycemia and glycosuria and may be accompanied by changes in fat metabolism. Tolerance to glucose declines not only in type 1 diabetes but in type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non- insulin- dependent diabetes,
mellitus; NIDDM);
This occurs, when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin due to liver damaged; and in some infections. This often associated with obesity and raised level of plasma free fatty acids; under the influence of some drugs; the patient is usually over 40 years of age.
CONTROLLING OF DIABETES MELLITUS

The renal threshold for glucose is usually raised in a diabetic mellitus patient. The presence of glycosuria is frequently an indication of diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 (non-insulin- dependent) diabetic mellitus:
Drugs such as tolbutamide stimulate insulin release by a mechanism different from that employed by glucose and have achieved widespread use in the treatment of type 2 ( non- insulin -dependent) diabetes mellitus. A receptor that binds this class of drugs has recently been cloned from the pancreatic B cells. This receptor is closely linked to the ATP sensitive k+ channels, this many explain the mechanism of action of this important class of drugs (Harper’s 25th edition pp 614).