Diabetes and effect between little sleep

In 2005, a study of over 1400 participants showed that participants who habitually slept few hours were more likely to have associations with Diabetes Type 2. However, because this study was merely cor-relational, the direction of cause and effect between little sleep and diabetes is uncertain. The authors point to an earlier study which showed that experimental rather than habitual restriction of sleep resulted in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).And  new mothers   sleep  pattern  are  also  very  poor. .
Researcher Dr Hawley E. Montgomery-Downs, said the study challenges a central assumption about new mothers' typical sleep patterns.
She said that the general assumption had been that most new mothers are not getting enough hours of sleep so the advice on how to combat daytime fatigue has focused on countering sleep deprivation, such as nap when your baby naps.For detail go to http://en.wikipedia.org

Diabetes ! Can lead to decrease in perlecan levels

Perlecan levels are decreased in many disease states - e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis and arthritis. Perlecan has an important role in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Decreased perlecan in the glomerular basement membrane has a central role in the development of diabetic albuminuria. Perlecan expression is down regulated by many atherogenic stimuli and thus Perlecan is thought to play a protective role in atherosclerosis. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are commonly associated syndromes. 80% of diabetes-associated deaths involve some form of atherosclerotic complication, and the basement membrane of endothelia has been implicated in the atherogenic process.Then  what  is Perlecan ?Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), is a human gene which encodes the perlecan protein.
Perlecan is a large multidomain proteoglycan that binds to and cross-links many extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell-surface molecules. Perlecan is synthesized by both vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and deposited in the extracellular matrix. Perlecan is highly conserved across species and the available data indicate that it has evolved from ancient ancestors by gene duplication and exon shuffling.

Synthesis of heparan sulfate was shown to decrease in the arteries of diabetics and in arteries developing atherosclerotic lesions. The mechanism by which heparan sulfate was downregulated in these lesions remained unknown for some time. One theory states that high glucose in circulation could lead to a decrease in GAG chain attachment to perlecan, but not necessarily a change in the synthetic pathway of the GAG chains or that of the core protein. After treatment of human aortic endothelial cells with high glucose medium, secreted perlecan contained less sulfate incorporation accompanied by less overall GAG chain incorporation. Although no signaling pathway is identified leading to this decrease in GAG chain incorporation, it is suggested that the 30% loss in overall glycosylation of the protein could mean loss of one of the three HS chains on perlecan in this model of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia. It is also noted that similar decreases in extracellular HS without a change in staining for the core protein chains occur in diabetic kidneys and in kidney cells in culture treated with high glucose.
SOURCE:http://en.wikipedia.org

ACHIEVE YOUR WEIGHT LOSS PLAN THROUGH INDIAN DIET PLAN

Our Unique Indian Diet Plan:

• Promotes healthy and sustained weight loss
• Provides satiety so you don't binge on food
• Ensures compliance as it is based on Indian dietary habits
  Your BMI calculation indicates that you are overweight meaning that you are Above the range of weight associated with
  lowest health risks.
  You need to lose weight and for that we recommend that you follow our Weight Loss Diet.
  As per your requirements and the menu chosen by you for yourself we have generated the following 14 day diet for you.
  Once you start the diet, make sure you follow it for 2 weeks. You can take a break for 2 days and go back to the diet.
  Keep A Few Things In Mind!
  1. Remember that we give you a choice of two dishes. You can have any ONE of the two.
  2. Do not eat to fill yourself. Take small portions and NEVER eat to fill your stomach. STOP
  when you still have some space left in your stomach.
  3. A recipe has been recommended for every dish. Follow the recipe as far as possible.
  4. Keep a note of whatever you eat; even a biscuit. Remember, every bite counts!
  5. We have planned 6 meals to keep you feeling full! DO NOT munch in between meals.
  6. Drink up to 8 glasses of water everyday along with the diet
  FOR  MORE  DETAIL GO TO www.desidieter.com/dietplans.html or click here to view  the detail

Natural way to achieve weight loss (diets plan)

Diets high in protein and a moderate amount of carbohydrate results in a greater amount of weight loss. This is because protein provides more satiety and you do not feel hungry soon. This keeps you feeling full for long and makes it easier for you to stick to the diet.
Our Unique Rapid Loss Diet Ensures That
Calories are distributed throughout the day to provide satiety. Calorie shifting principle provides rapid weight loss. You can lose up to 4 Kg each time you stick to  the Weight Loss Diet Plan
source:www.desidieter.com/diet-plans.html

DIET PLAN AND BLOOD GROUP

your  blood   group  might  be  the  answer  why  you  have   not  achieve   your weight loss goals?  The basis of a Blood Group Diet lies on the fact that every Blood Group have a unique antigen marker. This antigen marker often responds badly with different types of foods which can lead to various health problems. Through diet designed especially for your Blood Group , you can improve the digestion and absorption of food more efficiently. Peter D'Adamo who is a naturopathic physician advocates Blood Type Diet in his book Eat Right 4 Your Type. D'Adamo's says that ABO Blood Type is the most important factor in determining a healthy diet, and he also promotes distinct diets for people having different blood groups. This diet works on the basis that the body has different reactions to food depending on a person's blood group.

Blood Type Feature Recommended   O Supports High-Protein, Low-Carb Diet Eat eggs, nuts, seeds, certain vegetables and fruits in moderation   A Supports Vegetarian Diet Eat mixture of vegetable, seeds beans and cereals. You can do great on wheat, idli, dosa, pasta, roti, bread, mung dal, channa dal, soya roti etc.   B Least Dietary Restrictions Most food groups including meat, dairy and vegetables   AB Friendliest Immune System  Type B allows you to eat most foods, while type A suggests a vegetarian diet

SOURCE:www.desidieter.com

DIFFERENT DIETS AND MANAGEMENT DIABETES

The Pritikin Diet consists of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and so on, and is high in carbohydrates and roughage. The diet is accompanied by exercise.
G.I. Diet - lowering the glycemic index of one's diet can improve the control of diabetes. This includes avoidance of such foods as potatoes cooked in certain ways, and white bread, and instead favoring multi-grain and sourdough breads, legumes and whole grains—foods that are converted more slowly to glucose in the bloodstream.
Low Carb Diet - It has been suggested that the gradual removal of carbohydrates from the diet and replacement with fatty foods such as nuts, seeds, meats, fish, oils, eggs, avocados, olives, and vegetables may help reverse diabetes. Fats would become the primary calorie source for the body, and complications due to insulin resistance would be minimized. However, it's vitally important that such a diet be low in saturated fats. The American Diabetes Association explains: "saturated fat raises blood cholesterol. High blood cholesterol is a risk factor for heart disease. People with diabetes have more frequent heart disease.
High fiber diet - It has been shown that a high fiber diet works better than the diet recommended by the American Diabetes Association in controlling diabetes, and may control blood sugar levels with the same efficacy as oral diabetes drugs.
Paleolithic diet - The Paleolithic diet has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in humans with diabetes type 2, humans with ischemic heart disease and glucose intolerance, and in healthy pigs.What is paleolithic diet according to wikipadea The modern dietary regimen known as the Paleolithic diet (abbreviated paleo diet or paleodiet), also popularly referred to as the caveman diet, Stone Age diet and hunter-gatherer diet, is a nutritional plan based on the presumed ancient diet of wild plants and animals that various human species .. These are a limited number of studies in a limited number of subjects, but the knowledge about the benefits of the Paleolithic diet in diabetes is emerging. The scientific foundation for the Paleolithic diet and the relationship between what humans eat and diseases of the western world (including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, ischemic heart disease, stroke) is the subject of a comprehensive textbook, which is geared towards both professionals and interested laypeople alike, and which spans over 2000 reference

SOURCE:FROM  WIKIPEDEA

management of diabetes mellitus with diet(diettary fiber)

There is much controversy regarding what diet to recommend to sufferers of diabetes mellitus. The diet most often recommended is high in dietary fiber, especially soluble fiber, but low in fat (especially saturated fat). Recommendations of the fraction of total calories to be obtained from carbohydrate intake range from 1/6 to 75% – a 2006 review found recommendations varying from 40 to 65%.^[1] Patients may be encouraged to reduce their intake of carbohydrates that have a high glycemic index (GI), although this is also controversial.^[2] (In cases of hypoglycemia, they are advised to have food or drink that can raise blood glucose quickly, followed by a long-acting carbohydrate (such as rye bread) to prevent risk of further hypoglycemia.) But others question the usefulness of the glycemic index and recommend high-GI foods like potatoes and rice.

source:Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A MEAL PLAN FOR DIEBETES

intake affects the body's need for insulin and insulin's ability to lower blood sugar, diet is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. Today, diabetes experts no longer recommend a single meal plan for all people with diabetes. Instead, they recommend meal plans that are flexible and take into account a person's lifestyle and particular health needs. The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes consult a registered dietitian to design a meal plan.



  A Healthy Meal Plan

By following the government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans, you can promote your health and reduce your risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease, certain types of cancer, diabetes, stroke, and osteoporosis. These diseases are leading causes of death and disability among Americans. Good diets can also reduce major risk factors for chronic disease-such as obesity, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol. Your food choices, your lifestyle, your environment, and your family history all affect your well-being. It is important for everyone to follow the 10 Dietary Guidelines listed below. If you are at higher risk of having a chronic disease, it is especially important.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans include the following:

AIM FOR FITNESS . . .

--Aim for a healthy weight.
--Be physically active each day. Some people with diabetes use the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. This system, established by the American Dietetic and American Diabetes associations, separates foods into six categories based on their nutritional makeup. People following this plan choose a set number of servings from each category daily, depending on their nutritional needs.

The Food Guide Pyramid

The Food Guide Pyramid can help you put the Dietary Guidelines into action. The pyramid illustrates the research-based food guidance developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and supported by the Department of Health and Human Services. It is based on USDA's research on what foods Americans eat, what nutrients are in these foods, and how to make the best food choices to promote good health. It outlines what to eat each day, but it is not a rigid prescription. You can use it as a general guide in choosing a healthful diet that is right for you. The pyramid calls for eating a variety of foods to get the nutrients you need, and, at the same time, the right amount of calories to maintain a healthy weight.

Using the food label to help with food choices

Under regulations from the Food and Drug Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the food label offers more complete, useful and accurate nutrition information than ever before.

With today's food labels, consumers get

--nutrition information about almost every food in the grocery store
--distinctive, easy-to-read formats that enable consumers to more quickly find the information they need to make healthful food choices
--information on the amount per serving of saturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and other nutrients of major health concern
--nutrient reference values, expressed as % Daily Values, that help consumers see how a food fits into an overall daily diet
--uniform definitions for terms that describe a food's nutrient content--such as "light," "low-fat," and "high-fiber"--to ensure that such terms mean the same for any product on which they appear
--claims about the relationship between a nutrient or food and a disease or health-related condition, such as calcium and osteoporosis, and fat and cancer. These are helpful for people who are concerned about eating foods that may help keep them healthier longer.
--standardized serving sizes that make nutritional comparisons of similar products easier
--declaration of total percentage of juice in juice drinks. This enables consumers to know exactly how much juice is in a product.
Begin with the Nutrition Facts panel, usually on the side or back of the package. The Nutrition Facts panel has two parts: The main or top section, which contains product-specific information (serving size, calories, and nutrient information) that varies with each food product; and the bottom part, which contains a footnote. This footnote is only on larger packages and provides general dietary information about important nutrients.

Several features of the Nutrition Panel help people with diabetes manage their diets. First of all, serving sizes now are more uniform among similar products and reflect the amounts people actually eat. The similarity makes it easier to compare the nutritional qualities of related foods. People who use the Exchange Lists should be aware that the serving size on the label may not be the same as that in the Exchange Lists. For example, the label serving size for orange juice is 8 fluid ounces (240 milliliters). In the exchange lists, the serving size is 4 ounces (one-half cup) or 120 mL. So, a person who drinks one cup of orange juice has used two fruit
SOURCE:chinese-school.netfirms.com/diabetes-type-2-diet.html-unitedstates

THE EFFECT OF BITTER KOLA EXTRACT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE 2

     In this experiment, the aqueous bitter kola   extract  was added to the plasma invitro.
    The glucose  concentration  gotten was then compared with that of the normal  blood glucose without the extract.
 Test
    Six  tubes were lined and 100*l of plasma was put into  each tubes. Into first three tubes was labelled 20*lE, 50*lE, 100*lE  of  extract. The second set of three test tubes was labelled  20*l NS,
 50*l NS,100*lNS, of normal  saline which acted as control.
    In test tubes labelled  for extract 20*l, 50*l and 100*l of the bitter kola extract was put  respectively. The same was done to the normal saline. The tubes  were shacked  for content to  mix. The timing  device was set to  1 hour.
    This allows a  time for the extract to react with the blood glucose. At the end of one hour  a blood glucose test was  done (as described above). The values were calculated according. The time  device set to another one hour,  making the  reaction time to  be two hours. At the end of the two hours the blood glucose test were repeated and values calculated accordingly.

DIABETES ON THE INCREESE AND WAY OUT

A person  with  diabetes  has a condition in which the quantity of glucose  in the blood is too elevated(hyperglycemia).this is because the body either does not produces  insulin, or has cells that do not responds normally to insulin .THE  WAY  OUT  ARE:

• Preventing  the condition from occurring by following this healthy  tips: Eating  more green  leave vegetables like spinach,cabbage and bitter leave 
• . Diet  rich in  vitamins such as vitamin  C and vitamin E can help to prevent  diabetes from occurring.
• A fish a day may help keep Diabetes  away!Research has found that diets rich in omega -3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) ARE LINKED TO LOWER HEART DISEASE ,therefore increases the   performance of such organ  like pancreas that produces insulin.

Diabetes

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND DIABETES
Glucose tolerance is indicated by the nature of the blood glucose curve following the administration of a test amount of glucose.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus )
This is characterized by decreased glucose tolerance due to decrease secretion of insulin in response to the glucose challenge. This is manifested by elevated blood glucose levels hypeglycemia and glycosuria and may be accompanied by changes in fat metabolism. Tolerance to glucose declines not only in type 1 diabetes but in type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non- insulin- dependent diabetes,
mellitus; NIDDM);
This occurs, when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin due to liver damaged; and in some infections. This often associated with obesity and raised level of plasma free fatty acids; under the influence of some drugs; the patient is usually over 40 years of age.
CONTROLLING OF DIABETES MELLITUS

The renal threshold for glucose is usually raised in a diabetic mellitus patient. The presence of glycosuria is frequently an indication of diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 (non-insulin- dependent) diabetic mellitus:
Drugs such as tolbutamide stimulate insulin release by a mechanism different from that employed by glucose and have achieved widespread use in the treatment of type 2 ( non- insulin -dependent) diabetes mellitus. A receptor that binds this class of drugs has recently been cloned from the pancreatic B cells. This receptor is closely linked to the ATP sensitive k+ channels, this many explain the mechanism of action of this important class of drugs (Harper’s 25th edition pp 614).

Risks associated with diabetes.

If diabetes is not controlled  adequately the patient has a higher risks of developing complications such  as hypoglycemia,ketoacidosis and nonketotic  hypersosmolar coma.longer  term complication could be cardiovascular disease retinal damage ,chronic kidney failure,nerve damage ,poor healing of wounds etc.

New hope for diabetes: American bio engineers  have demonstrated that an in planted  wireless glucose sensor with potential to transform the management of diabetes has passed a crucial test ;the device they developed worked continuously in animals for

a year.
Source of information:

• medical news today.
• Centers for disease control and prevention,Wikipedia  ,
• NHS direct, university of California(San Diego).